15 AEM Testing Interview Questions and Answers

Adobe Experience Manager (AEM) is a comprehensive content management solution for building websites, mobile apps, and forms. It streamlines the management and delivery of content across various digital channels, making it a critical tool for organizations aiming to provide a seamless user experience. AEM’s robust features and integration capabilities make it a preferred choice for enterprises looking to enhance their digital presence.

This article offers a curated selection of AEM testing questions designed to help you prepare for your upcoming interview. By familiarizing yourself with these questions and their answers, you’ll gain a deeper understanding of AEM’s testing processes and be better equipped to demonstrate your expertise to potential employers.

AEM Testing Interview Questions and Answers

1. Describe how you would set up a JUnit test for an AEM service.

To set up a JUnit test for an AEM service, follow these steps:

1. Create a mock service using a framework like Mockito.
2. Write a test method that uses the mock service to test the AEM service’s functionality.
3. Use annotations like @Before, @Test, and @After to manage the test lifecycle.

Example:

import static org.mockito.Mockito.*;
import org.junit.Before;
import org.junit.Test;
import org.junit.runner.RunWith;
import org.mockito.InjectMocks;
import org.mockito.Mock;
import org.mockito.junit.MockitoJUnitRunner;
import com.example.aem.MyAEMService;
import com.example.aem.MyDependencyService;

@RunWith(MockitoJUnitRunner.class)
public class MyAEMServiceTest {

    @Mock
    private MyDependencyService myDependencyService;

    @InjectMocks
    private MyAEMService myAEMService;

    @Before
    public void setUp() {
        when(myDependencyService.someMethod()).thenReturn("Mocked Response");
    }

    @Test
    public void testMyAEMServiceMethod() {
        String result = myAEMService.myServiceMethod();
        assertEquals("Expected Response", result);
    }
}

2. What are Mock Objects and how do they help in AEM testing?

Mock objects simulate the behavior of real objects in a controlled environment. They are used in unit testing to isolate the component being tested, ensuring that the test results are not influenced by other components or external systems. In AEM testing, mock objects are useful for simulating the behavior of AEM services, Sling models, and other dependencies.

By using mock objects, developers can:

• Isolate the component under test
• Simulate various scenarios and edge cases
• Ensure that tests are repeatable and consistent
• Reduce the complexity of setting up test environments

Example:

import static org.mockito.Mockito.*;
import org.junit.Before;
import org.junit.Test;
import org.mockito.Mock;
import org.mockito.MockitoAnnotations;
import com.day.cq.wcm.api.Page;
import com.day.cq.wcm.api.PageManager;

public class MyComponentTest {

    @Mock
    private PageManager pageManager;

    @Mock
    private Page page;

    @Before
    public void setUp() {
        MockitoAnnotations.initMocks(this);
        when(pageManager.getPage("/content/mypage")).thenReturn(page);
    }

    @Test
    public void testMyComponent() {
        // Your test logic here
    }
}

3. Write a test case to verify the functionality of an AEM Sling Model.

To verify the functionality of an AEM Sling Model, ensure that the model behaves as expected when instantiated and its methods are called. This involves setting up a test environment, mocking necessary dependencies, and asserting expected outcomes.

Example:

import static org.junit.Assert.*;
import static org.mockito.Mockito.*;

import org.apache.sling.api.resource.Resource;
import org.apache.sling.api.resource.ResourceResolver;
import org.junit.Before;
import org.junit.Test;
import org.junit.runner.RunWith;
import org.mockito.InjectMocks;
import org.mockito.Mock;
import org.mockito.junit.MockitoJUnitRunner;

@RunWith(MockitoJUnitRunner.class)
public class MySlingModelTest {

    @Mock
    private Resource resource;

    @Mock
    private ResourceResolver resourceResolver;

    @InjectMocks
    private MySlingModel mySlingModel;

    @Before
    public void setUp() {
        when(resource.getResourceResolver()).thenReturn(resourceResolver);
        when(resource.getPath()).thenReturn("/content/myresource");
    }

    @Test
    public void testGetResourcePath() {
        mySlingModel.init();
        assertEquals("/content/myresource", mySlingModel.getResourcePath());
    }
}

4. How would you use Mockito to mock an OSGi service in AEM?

Mockito is a popular framework for unit tests in Java. In AEM, it can be used to mock OSGi services to isolate the unit of work being tested. This allows developers to test a component’s behavior without relying on the actual implementation of the OSGi service.

Example:

import static org.mockito.Mockito.*;

import org.junit.Before;
import org.junit.Test;
import org.mockito.Mock;
import org.mockito.MockitoAnnotations;
import org.osgi.service.component.annotations.Reference;

public class MyComponentTest {

    @Mock
    private MyService myService;

    private MyComponent myComponent;

    @Before
    public void setUp() {
        MockitoAnnotations.initMocks(this);
        myComponent = new MyComponent();
        myComponent.setMyService(myService);
    }

    @Test
    public void testMyComponent() {
        when(myService.someMethod()).thenReturn("Mocked Response");

        String result = myComponent.doSomething();

        assertEquals("Expected Response", result);
    }
}

5. Write a test case to validate a custom workflow process in AEM.

To validate a custom workflow process in AEM, ensure that the workflow behaves as expected under various conditions. Key components include:

• Setup and Configuration: Ensure the workflow is properly configured and deployed.
• Triggering the Workflow: Define conditions for triggering the workflow.
• Validation of Workflow Steps: Verify each step executes as expected.
• Error Handling: Ensure the workflow handles errors gracefully.
• Performance Testing: Assess performance under different load conditions.
• End-to-End Testing: Validate the entire workflow process from start to finish.

6. Write a test case to check the rendering of an AEM component.

To write a test case for checking the rendering of an AEM component, follow these steps:

1. Set up the test environment.
2. Render the AEM component.
3. Verify the output.

Example:

import static org.junit.Assert.assertEquals;
import static org.junit.Assert.assertNotNull;

import io.wcm.testing.mock.aem.junit.AemContext;
import org.apache.sling.api.resource.Resource;
import org.junit.Rule;
import org.junit.Test;

public class MyComponentTest {

    @Rule
    public final AemContext context = new AemContext();

    @Test
    public void testComponentRendering() {
        context.addModelsForClasses(MyComponent.class);
        context.load().json("/my-component.json", "/content");

        Resource resource = context.resourceResolver().getResource("/content/my-component");
        MyComponent myComponent = resource.adaptTo(MyComponent.class);

        assertNotNull(myComponent);
        assertEquals("Expected Title", myComponent.getTitle());
        assertEquals("Expected Description", myComponent.getDescription());
    }
}

7. How do you handle dependencies in AEM unit tests?

Handling dependencies in AEM unit tests typically involves using mocking frameworks such as Mockito. Mocking allows you to simulate the behavior of complex objects and services, ensuring that your unit tests remain focused on the specific functionality being tested.

Example:

import static org.mockito.Mockito.*;
import org.junit.Before;
import org.junit.Test;
import org.mockito.Mock;
import org.mockito.MockitoAnnotations;
import com.day.cq.wcm.api.Page;
import com.day.cq.wcm.api.PageManager;

public class MyComponentTest {

    @Mock
    private PageManager pageManager;

    @Mock
    private Page page;

    @Before
    public void setUp() {
        MockitoAnnotations.initMocks(this);
        when(pageManager.getPage("/content/my-page")).thenReturn(page);
    }

    @Test
    public void testMyComponent() {
        // Your test logic here
    }
}

8. Write a test case to validate the configuration of an OSGi service.

To validate the configuration of an OSGi service in AEM, ensure that the service is correctly configured and behaves as expected. This involves checking the service’s properties and verifying that it is active and functioning properly.

Example:

import static org.junit.Assert.assertEquals;
import static org.junit.Assert.assertNotNull;

import org.apache.sling.testing.mock.sling.junit.SlingContext;
import org.junit.Rule;
import org.junit.Test;
import org.osgi.framework.Constants;

import com.example.core.services.MyOSGiService;

public class MyOSGiServiceTest {

    @Rule
    public final SlingContext context = new SlingContext();

    @Test
    public void testOSGiServiceConfiguration() {
        MyOSGiService myOSGiService = context.registerInjectActivateService(new MyOSGiService(), 
            "property1", "value1",
            "property2", 123);

        assertNotNull(myOSGiService);
        assertEquals("value1", myOSGiService.getProperty1());
        assertEquals(123, myOSGiService.getProperty2());
    }
}

9. Write a test case to verify the output of a custom AEM servlet.

To write a test case to verify the output of a custom AEM servlet, follow these steps:

• Create a mock request and response.
• Initialize the servlet.
• Call the servlet’s doGet or doPost method with the mock request and response.
• Verify the output of the servlet.

Example:

import static org.junit.Assert.assertEquals;
import static org.mockito.Mockito.mock;
import static org.mockito.Mockito.when;

import java.io.PrintWriter;
import java.io.StringWriter;

import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;

import org.junit.Before;
import org.junit.Test;

public class CustomServletTest {

    private CustomServlet customServlet;
    private HttpServletRequest request;
    private HttpServletResponse response;
    private StringWriter responseWriter;

    @Before
    public void setUp() throws Exception {
        customServlet = new CustomServlet();
        request = mock(HttpServletRequest.class);
        response = mock(HttpServletResponse.class);
        responseWriter = new StringWriter();
        when(response.getWriter()).thenReturn(new PrintWriter(responseWriter));
    }

    @Test
    public void testDoGet() throws Exception {
        when(request.getParameter("param")).thenReturn("value");

        customServlet.doGet(request, response);

        assertEquals("Expected output", responseWriter.toString().trim());
    }
}

10. Write a test case to validate the permissions of a user in AEM.

To write a test case to validate the permissions of a user in AEM, use AEM’s built-in testing frameworks and APIs. The test case should check whether a user has the appropriate permissions to access specific resources or perform certain actions.

Example:

import static org.junit.Assert.assertTrue;
import static org.junit.Assert.assertFalse;

import org.apache.sling.api.resource.ResourceResolver;
import org.apache.sling.api.resource.ResourceResolverFactory;
import org.junit.Before;
import org.junit.Test;
import org.mockito.Mock;
import org.mockito.MockitoAnnotations;

public class UserPermissionsTest {

    @Mock
    private ResourceResolverFactory resourceResolverFactory;

    private ResourceResolver resourceResolver;

    @Before
    public void setUp() throws Exception {
        MockitoAnnotations.initMocks(this);
        resourceResolver = resourceResolverFactory.getServiceResourceResolver(null);
    }

    @Test
    public void testUserPermissions() throws Exception {
        boolean hasReadAccess = resourceResolver.hasPermission("/content/my-site", "read");
        boolean hasWriteAccess = resourceResolver.hasPermission("/content/my-site", "write");

        assertTrue("User should have read access", hasReadAccess);
        assertFalse("User should not have write access", hasWriteAccess);
    }
}

11. Write a test case to validate the replication of content in AEM.

To validate the replication of content in AEM, ensure that the content is correctly replicated from the author instance to the publish instance. This involves several steps:

1. Set up the environment: Ensure that both the author and publish instances of AEM are running and properly configured for replication.

2. Create or modify content: On the author instance, create or modify the content that needs to be replicated.

3. Trigger replication: Use AEM’s replication feature to replicate the content from the author instance to the publish instance.

4. Verify replication: On the publish instance, verify that the content has been replicated correctly.

Example of a high-level test case:

• Start both the author and publish instances of AEM.
• Log in to the author instance and create a new page with specific content.
• Trigger the replication of the newly created page to the publish instance.
• Log in to the publish instance and verify that the new page exists and contains the expected content.

12. Write a test case to validate the integration of AEM with an external system.

To validate the integration of Adobe Experience Manager (AEM) with an external system, ensure that data flows correctly between AEM and the external system, and that both systems interact as expected. Key components include:

• Setup and Configuration: Ensure both AEM and the external system are properly configured for integration.
• Data Exchange: Verify that data can be sent from AEM to the external system and vice versa.
• Error Handling: Test how the integration handles errors.
• Performance: Assess the performance of the integration under various load conditions.
• Security: Validate that the integration adheres to security best practices.

Example Test Case:

1. Test Case ID: TC_AEM_EXT_001
2. Test Description: Validate the integration between AEM and the external system for data exchange.
3. Preconditions: AEM and the external system are configured and running.
4. Test Steps:

• Send a sample data payload from AEM to the external system.
• Verify that the external system receives and processes the data correctly.
• Retrieve data from the external system and verify that it matches the expected format and content.
• Simulate an error condition and verify that appropriate error messages are logged.

5. Expected Results:

• Data is successfully sent and received between AEM and the external system.
• The external system processes the data correctly.
• Error conditions are handled gracefully, and appropriate error messages are logged.

13. How do you perform security testing in an AEM application?

Security testing in an AEM application involves several strategies to ensure that the application is secure from potential threats and vulnerabilities. Key methods include:

• Vulnerability Scanning: Use automated tools to scan the AEM application for common vulnerabilities.
• Penetration Testing: Conduct manual penetration testing to identify and exploit vulnerabilities.
• Security Best Practices: Implement security best practices such as proper authentication and authorization mechanisms.
• Code Review: Perform regular code reviews to identify and fix security issues in the codebase.
• Security Configuration: Ensure that the AEM instance is securely configured.
• Monitoring and Logging: Implement monitoring and logging to detect and respond to security incidents.

14. Write a test case to validate a Content Fragment in AEM.

To validate a Content Fragment in AEM, ensure that the content fragment is created correctly, contains the expected data, and is rendered properly. This involves checking the structure, properties, and content of the fragment.

Example:

import static org.junit.Assert.assertEquals;
import static org.junit.Assert.assertNotNull;

import org.apache.sling.api.resource.Resource;
import org.apache.sling.api.resource.ResourceResolver;
import org.apache.sling.testing.mock.sling.junit.SlingContext;
import org.junit.Before;
import org.junit.Rule;
import org.junit.Test;

public class ContentFragmentTest {

    @Rule
    public final SlingContext context = new SlingContext();

    private ResourceResolver resourceResolver;
    private Resource contentFragmentResource;

    @Before
    public void setUp() {
        resourceResolver = context.resourceResolver();
        contentFragmentResource = resourceResolver.getResource("/content/dam/myproject/myfragment");
    }

    @Test
    public void testContentFragmentExists() {
        assertNotNull("Content Fragment should exist", contentFragmentResource);
    }

    @Test
    public void testContentFragmentProperties() {
        String title = contentFragmentResource.getValueMap().get("jcr:title", String.class);
        assertEquals("Expected title", "My Content Fragment", title);
    }
}

15. Write a test case to validate the functionality of Multi-Site Manager (MSM) in AEM.

To validate the functionality of Multi-Site Manager (MSM) in AEM, ensure that changes made to the blueprint are correctly propagated to the live copies. This involves creating a blueprint, making changes to it, and verifying that these changes appear in the live copies.

Example:

import static org.junit.Assert.assertTrue;
import org.apache.sling.testing.mock.sling.junit.SlingContext;
import org.junit.Rule;
import org.junit.Test;
import com.day.cq.wcm.api.Page;
import com.day.cq.wcm.api.PageManager;

public class MSMTest {

    @Rule
    public final SlingContext context = new SlingContext();

    @Test
    public void testMSMFunctionality() {
        PageManager pageManager = context.resourceResolver().adaptTo(PageManager.class);
        Page blueprintPage = pageManager.create("/content", "blueprint", "/apps/myproject/templates/page", "Blueprint Page");

        Page liveCopyPage = pageManager.create("/content", "livecopy", "/apps/myproject/templates/page", "Live Copy Page");
        liveCopyPage.adaptTo(ModifiableValueMap.class).put("cq:LiveSyncConfig", "/content/blueprint");

        blueprintPage.adaptTo(ModifiableValueMap.class).put("jcr:title", "Updated Title");

        assertTrue("Title should be updated in live copy", "Updated Title".equals(liveCopyPage.getTitle()));
    }
}