A 14-year-old in California is legally permitted to hold a job, governed by detailed state and federal labor laws. These regulations ensure that work experience does not interfere with the student’s education or well-being. California law places specific limitations on the types of employment, hours worked, and required documentation. The process begins with obtaining the necessary authorization from the student’s school district before any work can commence.
Required Documentation to Get Started
Securing an official work permit, formally known as a Permit to Employ and Work, is the most important step. This authorization is required for nearly all minors under 18 who have not graduated from high school. The process starts with the student obtaining CDE Form B1-1, the “Statement of Intent to Employ a Minor and Request for a Work Permit—Certificate of Age,” from their school.
The B1-1 form requires signatures from the student, the parent or legal guardian, and the prospective employer. The employer must specify the nature of the work and the maximum expected daily and weekly hours. Once completed, the student returns the form to the school attendance supervisor or designated school official.
The school official reviews the document, ensuring the student’s academic standing is satisfactory and the proposed work schedule complies with state law. Upon approval, the school issues the final work permit, CDE Form B1-4. This final permit must be signed by the minor and kept on file by the employer at the place of business before the minor can perform any work.
Strict Limits on Working Hours
California law strictly regulates when a 14-year-old can work to prioritize their education. During the school year, a minor is limited to a maximum of three hours of work on any school day, and the total hours worked per school week cannot exceed 18.
The daily limit expands to eight hours on non-school days, including weekends and holidays. When school is not in session, such as during summer vacation, the weekly limit increases to 40 hours.
A 14-year-old cannot work before 7:00 a.m. or after 7:00 p.m. on any day during the school year. This evening restriction extends until 9:00 p.m. during the summer period, specifically from June 1 through Labor Day. Additionally, the minor must have completed the seventh grade to work while school is in session.
Jobs That Are Legal and Safe for 14-Year-Olds
Employment opportunities for 14-year-olds focus on light, non-hazardous work considered safe and appropriate for their age.
Allowed Occupations
- Retail establishments, involving tasks like shelving, organizing merchandise, and cashier duties.
- Food service, restricted to tasks such as taking orders, serving food, and bussing tables.
- Office or clerical tasks, including basic filing and data entry.
- Newspaper delivery.
- Occasional, irregular jobs in private homes, such as yard work or babysitting.
State and federal laws prohibit 14-year-olds from working in any occupation deemed hazardous or detrimental to their health.
Prohibited Hazardous Occupations
- Employment in industries such as manufacturing, mining, and construction.
- Operating power-driven machinery, including most equipment used in processing or material handling.
- Working in the baking industry or using power-driven meat processing machines.
- Any job requiring the minor to drive a vehicle on public roads as part of their duties.
Understanding Pay and Workplace Rights
A 14-year-old worker is entitled to receive the applicable state minimum wage. Employers may pay a “learner wage,” which is 85% of the state minimum wage, for the first 160 hours of employment. This reduced rate applies only to individuals with no prior experience in that specific occupation.
Minors have defined rights regarding rest and meal periods. For every four hours worked, they must receive a paid 10-minute rest break. If the work shift extends beyond five hours, the employee is entitled to an unpaid 30-minute meal break. California law also requires employers to cover minor employees with workers’ compensation insurance.
Tips for Securing Your First Job
Focusing on preparation and soft skills helps secure a position, as employers look for candidates who are reliable, punctual, and possess a positive attitude. Local businesses and neighborhood establishments often represent the best initial opportunities for first-time workers.
Interview and Resume Tips
- Craft a basic resume detailing school achievements, academic honors, and volunteer work.
- Highlight extracurricular activities that demonstrate responsibility and teamwork.
- During the interview, maintain good eye contact and speak clearly.
- Express enthusiasm for the chance to learn and contribute.
- Follow up with a brief thank-you note or email after the interview to reinforce interest and professionalism.