A 15-year-old can legally hold a job in Texas, provided the employment adheres to a specific framework of regulations designed to balance work experience with educational needs. These regulations are established through a combination of federal and state laws that govern the employment of minors. This guide details the specific limitations on hours, the types of work permitted, and the necessary documentation for this age group.
The General Rules for 15-Year-Old Workers
The structure for employing 14 and 15-year-olds is primarily dictated by the federal Fair Labor Standards Act (FLSA). Texas child labor laws generally align with these federal statutes, establishing a baseline of protection for the young workforce. The FLSA’s provisions limit the type of work performed and the number of hours worked. The objective of these rules is the preservation of the minor’s well-being and the continuation of their education, ensuring that academic achievement takes precedence over occupational engagement.
Maximum Work Hours for 15-Year-Olds
The working schedule for a 15-year-old is subject to distinct rules depending on whether school is in session. These time limits are enforced to prevent interference with educational responsibilities and ensure adequate rest. The limits differ significantly between the school year and designated vacation periods.
During School Weeks
During any week that school is scheduled, the total number of hours a 15-year-old may work is capped at 18 hours. The minor cannot work more than three hours on any school day. Furthermore, employment is only permitted outside of school hours, prohibiting work during the time they are required to be in class.
During Non-School Weeks
The restrictions are relaxed when school is not in session, such as during summer vacation or official holiday breaks. During these non-school weeks, a 15-year-old is permitted to work up to a maximum of 40 hours per week. The daily work allowance is also increased, allowing the minor to work up to eight hours on any non-school day.
Time Restrictions Daily
Federal law establishes specific windows during which a minor may be employed. Throughout the school year, a 15-year-old cannot begin work before 7 a.m. and must conclude their workday by 7 p.m. This nighttime restriction is extended, allowing employment until 9 p.m. between June 1 and Labor Day.
Restricted Occupations
Federal child labor laws define a list of occupations deemed hazardous for young workers, which 15-year-olds are prohibited from performing. These restrictions focus on preventing exposure to environments or tasks that pose a risk of physical harm. The prohibitions apply across all workplaces, even if a parent or guardian owns the business.
A 15-year-old cannot be employed in manufacturing, mining, or processing operations. Prohibited tasks include operating power-driven machinery, such as meat slicers, bakery machines, or woodworking equipment. Work involving heavy construction, like roofing or excavation, is also forbidden. The restrictions also extend to any job requiring heavy lifting, exposure to dangerous chemicals, or work in environments containing radioactive substances. These limitations ensure the minor’s job is limited to safe, non-hazardous roles, typically in retail or food service, which are appropriate for this age group.
Necessary Employment Paperwork
A common point of confusion is the requirement for a state-issued work permit. Texas law simplifies this process by explicitly stating that the state does not require a minor to obtain a formal work permit to begin employment. Despite the lack of a mandatory state permit, many employers choose to request a Texas Age Certificate for their records.
This certificate is available through the Texas Workforce Commission (TWC) and serves as official documentation of the minor’s age for compliance purposes. The employer uses this certificate to demonstrate they have verified the worker’s age and are adhering to specific labor laws. To obtain an Age Certificate, the minor needs to present reliable documentation to the TWC, such as a birth certificate, driver’s license, or a state-issued identification card.
Understanding Pay and Rights
A 15-year-old worker in Texas is entitled to receive the federal minimum wage, as Texas does not set a separate state minimum wage. Employers are required to pay the standard federal rate. The FLSA includes a provision for a youth minimum wage that allows employers to pay $4.25 per hour.
This reduced rate can only be paid to employees under the age of 20 for the first 90 calendar days of employment. After this initial 90-day period, or upon turning 20, the worker must be paid the full federal minimum wage. Texas state law does not mandate rest breaks or meal periods for workers of any age, including 15-year-olds. The employer must adhere to all laws regarding prompt payment of wages and provide a safe working environment.
When Standard Rules Do Not Apply
Certain specific employment situations are exempt from the standard child labor laws regarding hours and occupations. These exceptions recognize unique circumstances where the protections of the FLSA may be waived. One exemption covers a minor working for a parent or guardian who is the sole owner of the business.
This exception applies only if the work is not in manufacturing, mining, or any other occupation designated as hazardous. Other activities exempt from the standard rules include work in the performing arts, such as acting in television, theater, or film productions. The delivery of newspapers to customers is also excluded from the typical hour and occupation restrictions.