For most professional librarian positions, a specific graduate-level degree is required. While this requirement is firm in many contexts, the path to a library career can take various forms. The field offers opportunities for individuals with different educational backgrounds and experiences.
The Standard Educational Path for Librarians
The primary qualification for a professional librarian is a master’s degree in library science, such as a Master of Library Science (MLS) or Master of Library and Information Science (MLIS). Since this is a graduate-level degree, a four-year bachelor’s degree from an accredited institution is a prerequisite. While no specific undergraduate major is required, degrees in the humanities, social sciences, and education are common starting points.
Employers in public, academic, and special libraries require a degree from a program accredited by the American Library Association (ALA). This accreditation signifies that the program meets established standards for quality in library and information studies education.
Coursework in an ALA-accredited program covers topics such as cataloging and classification, reference services, collection development, and library management. Many programs also offer specializations, allowing students to focus on areas like archives, youth services, or digital librarianship.
Library Roles Without a Master’s Degree
While the title of “Librarian” is reserved for those with a master’s degree, many other roles within a library do not require this level of education. These paraprofessional or support staff positions provide an opportunity to work in a library environment without committing to a graduate program.
Common job titles for these roles include Library Assistant, Library Technician, and Library Page. A Library Page is an entry-level position that primarily involves shelving materials. Library Assistants and Technicians have a broader range of duties, such as staffing the circulation desk, processing new materials, and assisting patrons with basic inquiries. The educational requirements for these positions can vary from a high school diploma to a bachelor’s degree.
These paraprofessional positions can serve as a valuable stepping stone for those considering a career as a librarian. Working as an assistant or technician provides firsthand experience in the library environment, offering insights into the profession before pursuing a master’s degree. For some, these roles are a long-term career path, while for others, they are a way to confirm their interest in the field.
Additional Librarian Requirements
Beyond a university degree, aspiring librarians often need to meet other qualifications, including state-level requirements and gaining practical experience. Many states require public librarians to hold a state-issued certification or license to work in a public library setting. The specifics of these certifications vary by state, with some requiring the completion of continuing education credits or passing an exam.
Practical experience is also highly valued by employers. Internships, volunteer positions, and part-time jobs in a library setting are excellent ways to build a strong resume. This hands-on experience demonstrates a commitment to the profession and allows individuals to apply the knowledge gained in their academic programs. Many library science programs incorporate a practicum or internship component into their curriculum for this reason.
Essential Skills for Modern Librarians
The role of a librarian has evolved with the rise of digital information, requiring a diverse skill set that extends beyond traditional book-related tasks. Advanced research and information literacy skills enable them to navigate complex databases and teach patrons how to evaluate the credibility of online sources.
Technological proficiency is another core competency. Librarians must be adept at using a wide range of technologies, from library management software and digital archives to e-books and online learning platforms. They are often called upon to assist patrons with everything from basic computer skills to using specialized software.
Strong communication and customer service skills are also important. Librarians interact with a diverse public and must be able to communicate effectively with people of all ages and backgrounds. The ability to listen and articulate information clearly is a daily requirement, complemented by strong organizational abilities for managing both physical and digital collections.
How Requirements Vary By Library Type
The specific qualifications for a librarian can differ depending on the type of library.
Public Libraries
In addition to the standard master’s degree, many states mandate that public librarians obtain state-level certification. These librarians serve a broad public, requiring skills in community programming, digital literacy instruction, and managing diverse collections.
School Libraries
School librarians often need a state-issued teaching license or a specific school library media specialist certification in addition to their master’s degree. This dual qualification reflects the instructional nature of the role, which involves teaching information literacy skills to students.
Academic Libraries
For certain roles in college and university libraries, particularly subject liaison positions, a second master’s degree in a specific academic discipline can be advantageous or even required. This subject-specific expertise allows the librarian to better support the research and teaching needs of faculty and students in that department.
Special Libraries
Special libraries operate within organizations such as corporations, law firms, hospitals, or museums. In these settings, the master’s degree is often paired with a degree or extensive experience in the library’s subject area. For example, a law librarian may need a Juris Doctor (JD), while a medical librarian might have a background in health sciences.