A dental assistant does not perform the professional cleaning procedure known as scaling, which involves the removal of hardened plaque and tartar, or calculus, from tooth surfaces. Instead, the dental assistant functions as a support professional who works directly alongside the supervising dentist to facilitate various restorative treatments.
The Primary Role of a Dental Assistant
The core function of the dental assistant is to support the supervising dentist during clinical procedures. They act as the dentist’s primary chairside partner, assisting during treatments.
The assistant prepares the operatory room, ensuring all necessary instruments and materials are ready. They anticipate the dentist’s needs during a procedure, passing instruments and controlling suction to maintain a clear field of operation.
Key Responsibilities in the Dental Office
Patient Preparation and Chairside Assistance
The assistant begins by seating the patient and reviewing their medical history and scheduled procedure. They perform preliminary assessments, such as taking blood pressure or pulse rate, to identify potential contraindications. Establishing rapport helps prepare the patient for the upcoming dental work.
During restorative procedures, the assistant maintains the operational field through continuous suction and retraction of soft tissues. This coordination allows the dentist to work precisely. Assistants also prepare and mix various dental materials, such as cements, composite resins, or impression materials, ensuring they are ready for clinical application.
Infection Control and Diagnostics
A major non-clinical duty involves strict adherence to infection control protocols. Assistants are responsible for the meticulous cleaning, disinfection, and sterilization of all instruments and equipment used during patient care. They manage the sterilization center to confirm instruments meet safety standards.
The assistant is often tasked with taking and processing dental radiographs (X-rays) under the dentist’s prescription. This involves positioning the patient and sensor accurately while adhering to radiation safety guidelines. After a procedure, the assistant provides post-operative instructions and schedules follow-up appointments. They maintain detailed patient charts by accurately recording the dentist’s notes and observations.
Expanded Functions and State Regulations
The scope of practice for dental assistants expands based on state regulations. Many states offer certification, such as Registered Dental Assistant (RDA), which permits the assistant to perform certain intra-oral procedures under supervision. These expanded functions require specialized coursework.
Examples of these duties include applying fluoride varnishes or sealants, placing and removing orthodontic separators, or fabricating and cementing temporary crowns. A task often confused with professional cleaning is coronal polishing, which removes soft plaque and extrinsic stain from the visible tooth surface. This is distinct from periodontal scaling, which is the removal of hardened calculus below the gum line.
Clarifying the Difference Between Dental Assistants and Dental Hygienists
The difference between a dental assistant and a dental hygienist is defined by their education and licensure. A dental assistant typically completes a certificate or diploma program. A dental hygienist must complete a minimum of an Associate of Applied Science degree, reflecting deeper training in preventative science and clinical pathology.
The dental assistant works under the direct supervision of a dentist, usually holding a registration or certification. The dental hygienist is licensed by the state and can often operate under general supervision, providing preventative care services.
The hygienist focuses on preventative care and periodontal health. Hygienists perform professional teeth cleaning, including scaling and root planing to treat and manage gum disease. The assistant’s primary duty is providing chairside support for restorative and surgical procedures.