A references page is a professional document you provide to potential employers that lists contacts who have agreed to speak about your work experience, skills, and character. Its purpose is to give hiring managers a way to verify your resume and gain insight into your qualifications by hearing directly from people who have observed your performance in a professional setting.
Who to Ask to Be a Reference
The most effective references are people who have direct, professional knowledge of your work and can speak to your abilities. Ideal candidates include former managers, supervisors, and senior colleagues who have overseen your projects or worked closely with you. Professional mentors or even clients who have a positive view of your contributions can also be strong choices.
When compiling your list, it is equally important to know who to avoid. You should not ask family members or personal friends to be a reference, as their opinions will be seen as biased and unprofessional. Anyone who cannot speak directly to your work ethic, skills, and accomplishments in a professional capacity should be excluded.
How to Request a Reference
Approaching a potential reference requires professional courtesy; you should always ask for their permission before including them on your list. It is disrespectful to list someone without their consent, and it can catch them off guard if an employer calls unexpectedly. A polite and professional request, typically via email or a phone call, is the best approach.
When you make the request, provide your contact with the necessary context to give a strong, relevant endorsement. Share an updated copy of your resume and the job description for the position you are applying for. This allows them to understand the specific role and tailor their comments to the skills and qualifications the employer is seeking.
What to Include on Your References Page
Each entry on your references page must contain specific, detailed information to make it easy for a hiring manager to contact your references. The document should be clear, professional, and consistent for every person listed.
For each reference, you must include the following pieces of information:
- Full Name: List their complete first and last name. It is also appropriate to include any professional titles or post-nominal letters they prefer, such as “PhD” or “CPA”.
- Current Job Title and Company: Include their official title and the name of the organization where they currently work. This provides context for their professional standing.
- Professional Relationship to You: Briefly describe your connection to the reference. Examples include “Former Supervisor at [Company Name]” or “Project Lead on [Project Name],” which clarifies how they know your work.
- Email Address: Provide a professional email address for the reference. Double-check the spelling to ensure your contact can be reached without issue.
- Phone Number: Include a direct phone number where the reference can be easily reached during business hours. Confirm with your reference which number they prefer you to list.
Formatting Your References Page
To maintain a cohesive application package, the formatting of this document should match your resume and cover letter. This includes using the same font, font size, and overall style to create a consistent and polished look. A clean, organized layout helps the hiring manager quickly find the information they need.
At the top of the page, include a header with your own name and contact information—phone number and email address—just as it appears on your resume. Below your header, title the document “Professional References” or “References” to clearly identify its purpose. List your three to five references vertically, with uniform spacing between each entry to ensure readability and ample white space.
Best Practices for Your References Page
It is standard practice to state “References available upon request” on your resume rather than submitting the page with your initial application. You should only provide the list when a hiring manager or recruiter specifically asks for it, which is often in the final stages of the interview process.
Before submitting the document, proofread it meticulously to catch any spelling or formatting errors. Finally, maintain your list by checking in with your references periodically to ensure their contact information is still current and that they are still willing to speak on your behalf.