A degree in forensic science applies scientific methods to legal problems, providing a foundation for careers that analyze evidence for investigations. These roles range from traditional laboratory and crime scene work to specialized, office-based professions.
Traditional Forensic Science Jobs
Forensic Science Technician
Forensic science technicians work in laboratory settings, analyzing physical evidence from crime scenes. This involves performing chemical, biological, and microscopic tests on materials like fibers, glass, and bodily fluids. They use sophisticated equipment to conduct their analyses and must meticulously document their findings in detailed reports for legal proceedings.
Crime Scene Investigator
In contrast to lab-based technicians, crime scene investigators (CSIs) work in the field. Their fundamental role is to systematically process crime scenes by identifying, documenting, and collecting physical evidence. This includes taking photographs, creating sketches, and ensuring all evidence is preserved and cataloged to maintain a secure chain of custody. CSIs gather items like fingerprints, footprints, and biological samples that will be analyzed by lab technicians.
Bloodstain Pattern Analyst
A bloodstain pattern analyst examines the size, shape, and distribution of bloodstains at a crime scene to reconstruct events. By studying these patterns, they can provide information on the type of weapon used, the sequence of events, and the positions of the victim and assailant. Their work involves both on-scene analysis and laboratory experiments to test hypotheses about how certain stains were created. Their findings are presented in detailed reports and used in court testimony.
Forensic Ballistics Examiner
Forensic ballistics examiners specialize in analyzing firearms, ammunition, and tool marks. They examine and test-fire firearms to obtain bullets and cartridge cases for comparison. By analyzing markings left on bullets and casings, they can link a specific weapon to a crime scene. Their work also includes analyzing gunshot residue and reconstructing shooting incidents to determine factors like a bullet’s trajectory and the distance between the firearm and a target.
Forensic Toxicologist
Forensic toxicologists analyze biological samples, like blood and tissue, to detect drugs, alcohol, poisons, and other chemicals. They work in a laboratory using advanced instrumentation to identify substances and determine their concentration. This information helps establish a cause of death or determine if an individual was under the influence of substances in cases like DUIs or drug-facilitated crimes.
Latent Print Examiner
Latent print examiners identify and compare fingerprints, palm prints, and footprints. They use various chemical and physical techniques to make visible latent prints left at crime scenes. Once a print is collected, they analyze its unique ridge patterns and compare it to known prints in databases to identify potential suspects or victims. This work is performed in a laboratory setting.
Alternative Career Paths
Digital Forensics Analyst
Skills in methodical evidence handling from a forensic science program are applicable to digital forensics. A digital forensics analyst recovers and analyzes data from electronic devices like computers and mobile phones. These professionals work to uncover evidence related to cybercrimes, data breaches, or other illicit activities. They follow a strict protocol to preserve the integrity of digital evidence for legal proceedings.
Forensic Accountant
A forensic science background provides a strong foundation in investigative procedures valuable to forensic accounting. Forensic accountants examine financial records to uncover fraud, embezzlement, and other financial crimes. They combine accounting knowledge with investigative skills to trace funds, identify discrepancies, and analyze complex financial transactions. Their findings are used in legal disputes and criminal investigations.
Technical Consultant
Graduates can work as technical consultants for companies that develop and sell forensic equipment and software. In this role, they use their scientific knowledge to provide training and support to law enforcement agencies and crime labs. They may also be involved in researching and developing new forensic technologies, improving the tools and techniques used in the field.
Forensic Science Educator
Another career path is in education. Forensic science graduates can become educators at the high school or college level, teaching the next generation of scientists. This role involves developing lesson plans, conducting lab experiments, and sharing knowledge of forensic principles and practices. It allows them to stay connected to the field while inspiring students to pursue careers in forensic science.
Essential Skills for Forensic Scientists
A career in forensic science requires meticulous attention to detail, as even the smallest oversight can impact an investigation’s outcome. Professionals must be able to conduct thorough and precise examinations of evidence, from analyzing trace fibers to documenting the exact location of items at a crime scene.
Strong analytical and logical reasoning abilities are also required. Forensic scientists must interpret complex data, identify patterns, and draw objective conclusions based on scientific evidence. This includes determining the chemical composition of a substance to reconstructing a sequence of events based on physical evidence.
Effective communication skills are needed to write clear, concise, and accurate reports that detail their findings. They are also frequently required to testify in court, where they must explain complex scientific concepts to a non-scientific audience, such as a jury and legal professionals. An understanding of legal procedures and ethical obligations is also a core competency.
Career Outlook and Salary Potential
The employment landscape for forensic science professionals is projected to grow. The U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics anticipates employment for forensic science technicians will increase by 14 percent between 2023 and 2033, much faster than the average for all occupations. This growth is driven by advancements in forensic technology and an increased reliance on scientific evidence in legal cases.
Employers include government agencies at the local, state, and federal levels, such as police departments, medical examiner’s offices, and federal bodies like the FBI and DEA. Private forensic laboratories and consulting firms also offer employment opportunities.
According to the U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, the median annual wage for forensic science technicians was $64,940 in May 2023. Entry-level positions may start lower, while experienced professionals in federal roles or high-demand specializations like digital forensics can earn significantly more. The highest 10 percent earn over $107,490.