The decision of whether to include a picture on a resume is a common dilemma for modern job seekers. Resume conventions have evolved significantly, moving away from past practices where a photograph was often standard. Determining the correct approach requires understanding the different cultural, legal, and technological standards that govern the application process. Job seekers must navigate these complexities to ensure their qualifications remain the central focus.
The Default Rule: Do Not Include a Photo
For any job application submitted in the United States, Canada, or the United Kingdom, the definitive rule is to omit a photograph from your resume. Companies often have internal policies discouraging or prohibiting the inclusion of personal images to align with strict anti-discrimination legislation in these regions. Sending a resume with a photo for a position in these countries can suggest a lack of understanding of current professional norms. It may also lead to your application being automatically screened out.
Why Photos Create Bias and Risk
The primary reason for excluding a photograph stems from the potential for unconscious bias to derail an objective hiring process. A picture can introduce non-qualification factors such as age, race, gender, or perceived attractiveness, which may inadvertently influence a recruiter’s judgment. Anti-discrimination laws, such as those enforced by the U.S. Equal Employment Opportunity Commission (EEOC), seek to ensure hiring decisions are based purely on a candidate’s skills and experience. Companies actively avoid any visual data that could expose them to a legal claim of appearance-based discrimination.
Many Applicant Tracking Systems (ATS) are designed to scan and parse text, not graphics, meaning an embedded image can confuse the software, causing it to misread or discard the entire application. HR departments at large firms often employ blind screening practices, sometimes automatically removing photos to maintain compliance and focus strictly on the text-based qualifications. Submitting a resume that forces a recruiter to confront an image before reviewing your professional history can undermine the goal of a merit-based evaluation.
Geographic and Industry Exceptions
While North America and the UK discourage photos, resume expectations are significantly different in other parts of the world. In many continental European countries, including Germany, France, and Spain, a professional photograph is a traditional, and often expected, component of a job application. Similarly, in parts of Asia, such as China and Japan, a passport-sized photo on the CV is a common cultural norm. When applying internationally, applicants should always research the local customs of the target country to avoid having their application dismissed.
Industry standards also create specific exemptions where appearance is directly relevant to the job function. Roles in acting, professional modeling, and certain media positions explicitly require headshots or portfolios as a necessary component of the application. Customer-facing roles, such as high-end real estate or hospitality, may also benefit from a professional image, though this is less common and should be approached with caution in regions where the practice is generally discouraged.
Best Practices for Professional Headshots
When a photo is required by industry or location, the image must be a high-quality professional headshot, not a casual snapshot or selfie. The photograph should be tightly cropped to focus on the face and shoulders.
- The subject should be dressed in professional, industry-appropriate attire.
- Use a neutral or plain background, such as a solid light gray or white, to minimize distraction.
- Proper lighting is essential, with natural light providing the most professional result.
- The camera should be positioned at eye-level, and the expression should be approachable and confident.
- The final image should be recent and have a high enough resolution to appear clear and polished.
Where to Use Your Professional Photo Instead
Alternative professional platforms are the correct location for showcasing a professional headshot. Your LinkedIn profile is the ideal place for this image, as a clear picture is expected on this professional networking site to build recognition and approachability. Studies show that profiles with a professional photo receive significantly more views and engagement from recruiters. Use your headshot on any personal professional website, online portfolio, or digital biography; including links to these platforms on your resume allows recruiters to put a face to your name later in the process.