A stevedore is a worker who loads and unloads cargo from ships in ports. The term is often used interchangeably with longshoreman or dockworker, and these individuals are fundamental to the global supply chain. Stevedores handle the transfer of goods between vessels and land transport, ensuring the flow of commerce continues efficiently. Their work connects shipping, rail, and trucking, making them a direct link in the complex network of international trade.
The Primary Responsibilities of a Stevedore
A stevedore’s central duty is the physical loading and unloading of ship cargo, which involves operating sophisticated heavy machinery. Gantry cranes that lift massive shipping containers, powerful forklifts for moving pallets, and specialized vehicles known as yard mules are all part of a stevedore’s toolkit. They handle a wide variety of freight, including standardized containers, bulk materials like grain or coal, and “breakbulk” cargo such as machinery.
The work requires careful planning to optimize the use of space on a vessel and maintain its stability at sea. Stevedores are responsible for securing all cargo to prevent it from shifting during transit. This task, known as lashing, involves using heavy chains and straps to fasten freight securely within the ship’s hold or on its deck, as incorrectly secured cargo can lead to significant damage and safety hazards.
Communication is another core function. Stevedores on the ground must direct crane operators and other equipment handlers, often using precise hand signals or radio communication. Their duties also include inspecting cargo for any visible damage and reporting any issues.
The Stevedore Work Environment
The work of a stevedore takes place in a dynamic and often demanding setting. Their office is the bustling environment of a port, which includes docks, wharves, ship decks, and cargo storage yards. It is a job performed almost entirely outdoors, meaning stevedores are exposed to all types of weather conditions. The physical nature of the work is strenuous.
Safety is a primary concern due to the inherent risks involved. Workers are constantly in the presence of moving heavy machinery and suspended loads, creating potential hazards such as falling objects or crushing incidents. To mitigate these risks, strict safety protocols are in place, including establishing safe zones, ensuring clear communication, and requiring personal protective equipment (PPE).
The environment is also characterized by noise from machinery and the need for constant awareness. Stevedoring operations must be meticulously planned to identify potential hazards and implement control measures before a ship even arrives. This includes vessel inspections and ensuring that all lifting equipment is properly maintained and certified for use.
Skills and Qualifications for Stevedores
Becoming a stevedore does not require a college degree; a high school diploma or its equivalent is the standard educational requirement. The job demands significant strength, stamina, and agility to handle the manual aspects of the work and endure long shifts in a challenging environment.
Beyond physical fitness, stevedores need strong spatial awareness and depth perception, especially when operating or working around heavy machinery. Good communication and teamwork skills are necessary, as loading and unloading a ship is a highly coordinated effort that relies on clear instructions. Attention to detail is another attribute, particularly when securing cargo and conducting safety checks on equipment.
Most technical skills are acquired through extensive on-the-job training. New hires learn through apprenticeships or structured training programs, which may be administered by a union. Operating certain types of heavy machinery may necessitate a state-issued license or a specialized certification like those offered by the Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA).
Stevedore Career Outlook and Salary
The earning potential for a stevedore can be significant, with salaries varying based on experience, location, and union membership. In July 2025, the average hourly pay for a stevedore in the United States was around $20.47. The pay range is wide, with most earning between $16.59 and $24.28 per hour. Experienced, unionized stevedores in supervisory roles or who operate heavy machinery can earn annual salaries between $80,000 and $130,000.
The job outlook for stevedores is tied to the health of the global economy and the volume of international trade. The demand for stevedores is projected to grow about 6% between 2018 and 2028. The career field is also influenced by increasing automation in ports, as the introduction of automated machinery can impact the number of available full-time positions.
Despite these changes, skilled stevedores remain in demand, particularly those with the expertise to operate and maintain advanced equipment. Opportunities for advancement exist, allowing workers to move into supervisory positions or specialize in operating the most complex machinery.