If you are admitted to a hospital, you will likely be told a “hospitalist” is in charge of your care. For many, this term is unfamiliar, raising questions about the doctor’s responsibilities and role on the medical team. Understanding the function of a hospitalist is a practical concern for anyone navigating a hospital stay.
What is a Hospitalist?
A hospitalist is a physician who specializes in caring for patients within the hospital. Their entire practice is based inside the hospital, meaning they do not see patients in an outside clinic. This focus allows them to become experts in treating common conditions that require hospitalization and in navigating the complex hospital environment.
The specialty of hospital medicine is a relatively recent development, with the term first appearing in 1996. The field grew in response to the need for physicians who could manage complex inpatient cases without the demands of an outpatient practice. You can think of a hospitalist as your temporary primary care physician for the duration of your hospital stay.
The Daily Responsibilities of a Hospitalist
A hospitalist’s day is centered on the comprehensive management of their patients. Their responsibilities include:
- Admitting new patients and performing initial assessments.
- Ordering diagnostic tests like blood work and X-rays, and interpreting the results.
- Developing and overseeing a complete treatment plan, including prescribing medications.
- Communicating with patients and families about the diagnosis, treatment plan, and any changes in condition.
- Coordinating with other hospital specialists, such as surgeons or cardiologists, to ensure a cohesive strategy.
Because hospitalists work on-site, they are available to respond quickly to any sudden medical issues or emergencies. They serve as the central point of contact for answering questions and explaining complex medical information.
How Hospitalists and Primary Care Physicians Work Together
The relationship between a hospitalist and a patient’s primary care physician (PCP) relies on clear communication to ensure continuity of care. When a patient is admitted, the hospitalist contacts the PCP to understand the patient’s medical history and chronic conditions. This information helps the hospitalist create an effective treatment plan.
Throughout the hospital stay, the hospitalist manages the patient’s acute medical needs, acting as the PCP’s representative. The hospitalist handles all inpatient care while keeping the PCP informed of major developments. This model allows the PCP to continue caring for other patients in their clinic without interruption.
Upon discharge, the communication loop is completed. The hospitalist provides the PCP with a comprehensive summary of the hospitalization. This report includes the final diagnosis, test results, treatments provided, and recommendations for follow-up care, allowing the PCP to resume management of the patient’s health.
Education and Training Requirements
A hospitalist is a fully trained physician. Their education begins with a four-year medical degree, either a Doctor of Medicine (M.D.) or a Doctor of Osteopathic Medicine (D.O.). Following medical school, they complete a three-year residency program. Most hospitalists complete residencies in internal medicine or family medicine, providing broad training in managing adult illnesses.
After finishing their residency, these physicians are eligible for board certification in their specialty, such as internal medicine. The designation of “hospitalist” refers to their practice focus rather than a separate, formal residency program.
While not always required, some hospitalists pursue additional credentials. They may undertake a fellowship in hospital medicine for more specialized training or obtain a Focused Practice in Hospital Medicine (FPHM) certification from the American Board of Internal Medicine.
Benefits of Hospitalist Care
The hospitalist model offers several benefits. A primary advantage is the physician’s on-site presence, allowing for immediate responses to emergencies or changes in a patient’s condition. This attentiveness is difficult for a physician with a separate clinic practice to match.
This dedicated presence can lead to more efficient care. A hospitalist’s expertise in navigating hospital systems can streamline processes like ordering tests and consulting with specialists. This efficiency may result in shorter hospital stays.
Finally, the focus on inpatient care can enhance patient safety. A hospitalist’s experience with acute illnesses and hospital-specific procedures may lead to improved outcomes and fewer complications. The model also improves communication by providing a consistent point of contact for patients and families.