The operation of a drilling rig is a high-stakes, continuous process requiring coordination and physical effort to penetrate the earth for oil and gas reserves. At the immediate center of this machinery is the Floorhand, the entry-level position that performs the manual labor necessary to keep the drilling process moving. This role is a gateway into the energy industry, where hands-on work and adherence to procedure dictate the success of the operation.
Defining the Floorhand Role
The Floorhand is the entry-level position within the drilling crew, often called a “roughneck.” Working directly on the drill floor, the Floorhand operates under the supervision of the Driller and Assistant Driller. This team member is responsible for the physical tasks related to assembling, running, and retrieving the drill string—the column of pipes that turns the drill bit. The Floorhand acts as the primary manual laborer, ensuring that heavy equipment and tubulars are handled safely and efficiently during all phases of drilling.
Daily Responsibilities and Tasks
Drill Floor Operations
A significant part of the Floorhand’s shift involves manipulating the heavy components of the drill string. This includes “making connections” by joining new sections of drill pipe to the existing string as the well deepens. The Floorhand uses specialized equipment like manual or power tongs to secure and torque the pipe joints and operates the slips, which are wedge-shaped devices inserted into the rotary table to grip and hold the pipe. Additionally, they assist in “tripping pipe,” the process of pulling the drill string out of the wellbore to replace a worn drill bit.
Maintenance and Cleaning
Maintaining a safe work environment is an ongoing responsibility when the Floorhand is not actively drilling. This includes “housekeeping” tasks such as washing down the drill floor with high-pressure hoses to remove drilling mud, grease, and debris. Preventing equipment degradation involves chipping away rust, painting metal surfaces, and lubricating mechanical parts on various rig components.
Assisting the Drill Crew
The Floorhand provides support to senior crew members, extending duties beyond the drill floor. This involves assisting the Derrickhand with the mud system, including mixing drilling fluids and chemicals used to stabilize the wellbore and control pressure. The Floorhand also helps with general equipment upkeep, such as performing preventative maintenance on the mud pumps, valves, and ancillary machinery. They are instrumental during the “rig up” and “rig down” phases, which involve the assembly and disassembly of the rig structure when moving between well locations.
Working Conditions on a Drilling Rig
Rig work is defined by a unique schedule, known as a “hitch,” where crew members live and work on-site for extended periods, typically 14 days on followed by 14 days off. During a hitch, the Floorhand works 12-hour shifts, rotating between day and night shifts to maintain continuous operations. The work takes place in remote locations, on land or offshore, exposing personnel to extreme weather conditions. This environment is characterized by high noise levels from heavy machinery and physical danger associated with handling pipes and high-pressure equipment.
Essential Requirements and Training
To secure a Floorhand position, applicants need a high school diploma or a General Educational Development (GED) certificate. The job is physically taxing, requiring the ability to lift heavy equipment and stand for prolonged periods. Before setting foot on a rig, new hires must obtain mandatory safety certifications, such as SafeLand or SafeGulf training, which covers basic industry safety protocols. Other prerequisites include specialized certifications like H2S Alive for hydrogen sulfide exposure and First Aid with CPR.
Career Progression and Advancement
The Floorhand position serves as the entry point for a structured career path within the drilling sector. With experience and competence, a Floorhand can advance to the role of Derrickhand, who is responsible for the mud system and works high up on the derrick during pipe tripping. Alternatively, they may move to Motorhand, focusing on the maintenance of the rig’s engines and mechanical systems. The next progression is the Assistant Driller, who supervises the floor crew, followed by the Driller, the highest operational authority on the rig floor. Each promotion requires more technical knowledge and additional training to assume greater responsibility.
Typical Compensation and Benefits
Compensation for a Floorhand is competitive for an entry-level position, structured around an hourly wage or a fixed day rate. The 12-hour shifts and rotational schedule result in significant overtime pay, contributing heavily to annual earnings. While variable based on location and whether the work is onshore or offshore, the starting annual income for a Floorhand is often favorable compared to many other industries. This earning potential is tied to the demanding schedule, the remote nature of the work, and the inherent risks involved in operating heavy drilling equipment. Beyond wages, employers provide comprehensive benefits packages, including medical, dental, and vision insurance, and may offer per diem allowances or provide housing and meals while on the job site.