A genealogist is a specialist who researches and traces family histories, combining historical investigation with detective work to connect generations. The work involves more than collecting names and dates; it aims to build a comprehensive understanding of a family’s social, cultural, and historical background. By piecing together ancestral lines, these professionals help people understand where they come from and the context of their ancestors’ lives.
What a Genealogist Does
A genealogist’s research begins by gathering initial information by interviewing family members and collecting existing documents like diaries, letters, and photographs. The investigation then expands to a wide array of historical records. They search through census data, vital records like birth and death certificates, military files, and immigration papers to piece together a family’s story.
The research extends beyond document collection to analysis. A genealogist must cross-reference sources and resolve discrepancies, which often arise in historical documents. For instance, they might analyze property records to place a family in a specific location or examine wills to understand familial relationships and economic status.
With the rise of genetic testing, many genealogists now incorporate DNA evidence into their work. They analyze test results to confirm paper-trail research, break through research barriers, and identify biological relatives. The final step is to compile all findings into research reports, narrative histories, or documented family tree charts for clients.
Key Skills and Qualities of a Genealogist
Meticulous attention to detail is required, as a single overlooked fact in a record could solve a family puzzle. Researchers must be organized to manage vast quantities of information, from digital files to physical documents, often using specialized software.
Strong analytical and critical-thinking abilities are also necessary. Genealogists frequently encounter conflicting information, such as varied name spellings or inconsistent dates, and must evaluate the reliability of each source to draw sound conclusions. This investigative mindset is paired with persistence and patience to solve complex ancestral mysteries.
Effective communication skills are another part of the job. A genealogist needs to conduct sensitive interviews with family members, write clear requests to archives, and present research findings in a coherent narrative. This ensures the uncovered family story is both accurate and meaningful to the client.
Types of Genealogists
Genealogists often specialize in particular areas to develop expertise in specific records, regions, or research methods.
Professional Genealogist
Professional genealogists work for clients on a fee basis to solve a wide range of family history questions. They may build a comprehensive family tree or focus on a specific ancestral line. They often operate as independent consultants or work for larger research firms, providing clients with documented findings in formal reports.
Forensic Genealogist
Forensic genealogy applies research methods to legal matters, such as identifying heirs in probate cases. In law enforcement, these skills are used with genetic and traditional genealogy to identify suspects or victims in criminal investigations.
Family Historian/Hobbyist
A family historian or hobbyist researches their own lineage out of personal interest rather than for a fee. They use many of the same records and techniques as professionals. Many professional genealogists begin as hobbyists researching their own family’s past.
Lineage Specialist
Lineage specialists focus on proving an individual’s ancestry for admission into a lineage society, such as the Daughters of the American Revolution. These organizations require meticulously documented proof of descent. Genealogists in this field are experts in the specific documentation standards required.
Becoming a Professional Genealogist
Becoming a genealogist involves a combination of education, extensive experience, and professional certification. A background in a related field like history or library science can provide a strong foundation in research skills. Practical experience is also important, and most professionals start by researching their own family history.
Formal education is available through certificate programs that offer structured training in research methodology, standards, and ethics. Institutions like the National Genealogical Society and Boston University offer well-regarded programs. These courses cover topics from evidence analysis to using DNA and writing research reports.
To establish credibility, many genealogists pursue voluntary certification. The Board for Certification of Genealogists (BCG) offers the Certified Genealogist (CG) credential, which requires submitting a portfolio of work judged against high standards. The International Commission for the Accreditation of Professional Genealogists (ICAPGen) provides the Accredited Genealogist (AG) credential, focusing on expertise in specific geographical regions.
When to Hire a Genealogist
People often hire a professional genealogist when they encounter challenges their own skills cannot overcome. One of the most common reasons is hitting a “brick wall,” a research dead end where an ancestor seems to disappear from records. A professional can bring fresh eyes, specialized knowledge of certain records, and advanced techniques to break through these obstacles.
Hiring a professional is also useful when specialized knowledge is required. This includes translating documents from a foreign language, understanding the records of a specific geographic area, or interpreting complex historical documents. If research requires accessing distant, offline archives, hiring a local professional is often more efficient.
People also seek professional help for projects with specific outcomes, such as providing documentation for dual citizenship applications. Assistance is also common for analyzing DNA test results, especially in cases of adoption or unknown parentage where an expert is needed to navigate the evidence.