The practice of permanently marking the skin has evolved from an ancient tribal tradition to a highly respected art form with a defined professional structure. Once viewed as a fringe activity, the craft is now recognized for its technical skill and creative depth, mirroring the growth of other visual arts. This transformation has led to a variety of names used to describe the practitioner, ranging from formal professional designations to informal terms. Understanding these titles offers a clearer picture of the modern body art industry and the roles within it.
The Standard Professional Titles
The most direct answer to what a tattoo practitioner is called involves three primary titles that are used interchangeably across the industry. “Tattoo Artist” is the most widely accepted and formal designation today, reflecting the creative and custom nature of the work. This title emphasizes the practitioner’s skill in composition, color theory, and design, positioning the process as a specialized form of fine art.
The terms “Tattooist” and “Tattooer” are also commonly used. “Tattooer” is often favored by long-time professionals who see the work as a traditional trade or craft demanding technical mastery of the application process. All three names ultimately refer to the professional who applies permanent decorative pigment to the skin. Regardless of the preferred title, the person holding it must possess competence in both artistic execution and strict health and safety protocols.
Titles Based on Experience and Hierarchy
The tattoo industry operates with a distinct hierarchy that assigns titles based on a practitioner’s level of training and tenure in a studio environment. The journey typically begins with the title of “Apprentice,” which signifies an individual is undergoing formal training under the direct supervision of a senior practitioner. During this phase, the focus is on sanitation, machine maintenance, and basic technique, with tattooing on clients starting only after the mentor deems them ready.
After completing the apprenticeship, a new artist may be referred to as a “Junior Artist” or a “Resident Artist” as they build their portfolio and clientele. A “Master Tattooer” or “Senior Artist” is a title earned through decades of experience, exceptional skill, and the ability to train new apprentices. Many regions require the practitioner to hold a designation such as “Licensed Tattooer” or “Permitted Artist,” indicating registration with the local health department and passing mandatory courses on bloodborne pathogens and sterilization procedures. The administrative side of the business is handled by a “Shop Owner” or “Studio Manager.”
Informal and Cultural Terminology
Beyond the professional titles, a variety of informal names and cultural designations exist. A common piece of slang is “Ink Slinger,” a casual, slightly old-school term referring to someone who applies tattoos. A much less positive informal term is “Scratcher,” which describes an untrained or unlicensed individual who tattoos outside of a regulated studio environment, posing significant risks to client safety and health.
In contrast to these modern terms, some cultural titles carry deep historical and spiritual significance. In traditional Japanese tattooing, the master artist is referred to as a Horishi (meaning “engraver” or “carver”). This name is often passed down from master to apprentice along with an artistic lineage name, such as Hori followed by a personal signifier. Similarly, in traditional Polynesian cultures, the Samoan master tattooist is known as a tufuga ta tatau, and the Māori tattoo specialist is a tohunga ta moko. These titles signify a position of great respect, as the practitioner is seen as a conservator of cultural history and sacred tradition.