A work reference is an individual who can speak to a job applicant’s professional background, skills, and character. This person has direct experience with the candidate and can offer a hiring manager insights that are not found on a resume. The reference serves to confirm the details presented by the candidate, offering a more complete picture of their qualifications and work ethic.
The Purpose of a Work Reference
From an employer’s perspective, a work reference is a tool for risk mitigation during the hiring process. Contacting references allows a company to verify the information a candidate has provided on their resume and during interviews. It confirms the accuracy of job titles, employment dates, and responsibilities, ensuring the candidate’s history is truthful.
Beyond simple verification, references provide insight into a candidate’s actual on-the-job performance and behaviors. A hiring manager can learn about an applicant’s strengths, areas for improvement, and how they interact with colleagues and supervisors.
Checking references helps an employer assess a candidate’s potential fit within the company culture. A reference can speak to an individual’s work ethic, attitude, and interpersonal skills, all of which are important for a harmonious and productive work environment.
Types of References
There are two main categories of references that a job seeker might be asked to provide, each serving a distinct purpose in the hiring process. The most common and valued type is the professional reference.
Professional References
Professional references are individuals who can speak directly to your work performance, skills, and professional conduct based on their experience with you in a work setting. These are former managers, supervisors, or senior colleagues who have had a chance to observe your work firsthand. They can provide specific examples of your accomplishments, responsibilities, and contributions to the team.
Hiring managers prefer professional references because they offer a credible and objective assessment of a candidate’s abilities. A former supervisor, for instance, can confirm your job title and responsibilities, and speak to your ability to meet deadlines and work within a team.
When selecting professional references, it is best to choose people who have worked with you for a significant period. This ensures they have a solid basis for their assessment of your skills and work ethic. Colleagues at the same level can also serve as professional references, attesting to your teamwork and collaboration skills.
Personal or Character References
A personal reference, also known as a character reference, is someone who can speak to your character, reliability, and personal attributes rather than your direct work experience. This could be a mentor, a long-time friend, a coach, or a professor who knows you well. They can provide insights into your personality, values, and work ethic from a non-professional perspective.
This type of reference is less common and is used when a candidate has limited professional experience, such as a recent graduate or someone re-entering the workforce. While a personal reference can speak to qualities like integrity, they cannot provide the detailed performance feedback that a professional reference can.
It is advised to use professional references whenever possible, as they are more relevant to a hiring decision. However, if an employer specifically requests a character reference, or if you lack sufficient professional contacts, a well-chosen personal reference can be a valuable addition to your application.
What Information a Reference Provides
When a hiring manager contacts a reference, the conversation will cover both factual verification and subjective insights. The initial part of the conversation often involves verifying factual information. A hiring manager will likely ask the reference to confirm the candidate’s job title, employment dates, and key responsibilities.
Following the verification of facts, the questions will likely delve into more subjective areas. The hiring manager may ask about the candidate’s strengths and weaknesses, their reason for leaving the previous job, and how they handled challenges at work. They might also inquire about the candidate’s ability to work in a team and their communication skills.
A common and telling question is whether the reference would rehire the candidate if given the opportunity. To avoid potential discrimination claims, questions about a candidate’s age, race, religion, marital status, or other protected characteristics are off-limits. The focus of the reference check should remain strictly on the candidate’s ability to perform the job.
How to Request a Work Reference
Approaching someone to be a reference requires a professional approach. It is important to ask for permission before listing someone as a reference, as an unexpected call can be off-putting and reflect poorly on you. This simple courtesy ensures that your chosen reference is prepared and willing to speak on your behalf.
When you make the request, provide the person with as much information as possible. Share your updated resume and the job description for the position you are applying for. This allows your reference to tailor their comments to the specific role and highlight the skills and experiences that are most relevant.
It is also considerate to give your reference a heads-up when you expect they might receive a call. A brief email or text message letting them know that a hiring manager may be in touch soon is a professional courtesy. After the process is complete, regardless of the outcome, be sure to thank your reference for their time and support.
What to Do If You Have No References
For individuals who are new to the workforce, have been out of it for some time, or left a previous job on difficult terms, securing traditional work references can be a challenge. In these situations, there are alternative sources you can turn to for support.
Recent graduates can turn to academic contacts for references. Professors, academic advisors, or internship supervisors who are familiar with your work ethic and abilities can provide valuable endorsements. They can speak to your performance on projects, your ability to meet deadlines, and your overall character.
For those who have been freelancing or are re-entering the workforce after a break, consider asking former clients or colleagues from volunteer positions. A client can attest to your professionalism and the quality of your work, while a volunteer coordinator can speak to your reliability and dedication.