Personal references are often requested by potential employers or landlords to gain a picture of who you are beyond a resume or application. These endorsements are provided by individuals who know you personally and can offer a unique perspective on your character and reliability.
Differentiating Personal and Professional References
A professional reference is a former employer, supervisor, or direct colleague who can attest to your job-specific skills and work experience. They confirm the details in your resume, speaking to your performance and contributions in a workplace setting.
A personal reference, sometimes called a character reference, speaks to your character, integrity, and personal attributes outside of a formal work environment. They offer insight into your personality and reliability. This perspective helps an employer or landlord gauge your trustworthiness and how well you might fit into their team or community.
Who Makes a Good Personal Reference
A strong personal reference comes from someone who knows you well over a significant period and can provide a credible, positive account of your character. They should be articulate and able to give specific examples that illustrate your best qualities.
Good choices for personal references have observed your character in a non-work capacity, lending credibility to their endorsement. Consider asking:
- Mentors, coaches, or long-time colleagues with whom you share a friendly relationship.
- Former teachers or professors, particularly for recent graduates, as they can speak to your work ethic.
- Leaders from volunteer organizations or clubs who can comment on your commitment and collaboration.
It is advisable to avoid asking immediate family members, spouses, or partners to be your reference. Their opinions are often perceived as inherently biased and may not be taken as seriously. The same logic applies to very close friends who may struggle to provide an objective viewpoint, as an impartial endorsement is more powerful.
How to Ask Someone to Be Your Reference
Always ask for permission before listing someone as a reference; never assume they are willing to do so. This courtesy allows them to decline if they are uncomfortable or feel they cannot provide a strong endorsement. When you reach out, whether by phone or email, be clear and direct about your request.
Explain the opportunity you are pursuing, providing details about the job or situation. To help your referee speak effectively, give them a copy of your updated resume and the job description. You might also suggest specific qualities or experiences you would like them to highlight that are relevant to the role.
Finally, confirm their preferred contact information, including their full name, title, phone number, and email address. Double-check that all details are accurate to ensure the potential employer can easily reach them. This consideration reflects well on you and respects the commitment your referee is making.
Formatting Your Reference List
Your references should be presented in a clean, professional, and easy-to-read format. Create a separate document titled “References” that matches the font and style of your resume. Do not include this list on the resume itself unless specifically instructed to do so; it should be a standalone page.
For each reference, include their full name followed by their job title and organization, if applicable. Below their name, list their relationship to you, such as “Mentor” or “Former Professor.” This context helps the hiring manager understand the nature of your connection.
Finally, list their preferred contact information, including their email address and a reliable phone number. Ensure every piece of information is accurate and up-to-date before submitting the document. An organized list demonstrates your attention to detail.
What If You Lack Personal References
For recent graduates or those new to a city, finding personal references can seem challenging. If you lack long-term mentors or volunteer supervisors, there are alternative strategies to consider. These options can still provide a strong character assessment.
Consider asking an academic advisor who is familiar with your studies and personal development. A respected figure from a community or religious group can also serve as a reference. A long-term landlord who can speak to your reliability and responsibility can be a viable option. The goal is to find a credible individual who has observed your character.