A professional reference is a person who can attest to your qualifications, skills, and work ethic for a potential employer. They serve as third-party validation of the claims on your resume, offering a company insight into your past performance and character. The testimony from your references can significantly influence a hiring manager’s decision. A well-chosen reference provides compelling examples of your abilities, while a poorly chosen one can raise doubts.
Who Makes an Ideal Professional Reference
Former Managers or Supervisors
Impactful professional references come from those who have directly overseen your work. Former managers or supervisors are in a prime position to speak about your job responsibilities, performance in meeting goals, and overall contribution. They can provide specific examples of your accomplishments, such as successful projects or instances where you exceeded expectations. Their perspective is highly valued because it offers a clear picture of your professional capabilities.
Senior Colleagues or Team Leads
If a direct manager is not available, a senior colleague or team lead you worked with closely is a good alternative. These individuals can attest to your work on specific projects and your role within the team. They have a high-level view of your contributions and can speak to your ability to handle complex tasks and collaborate with others. Their endorsement carries weight as they have witnessed your work firsthand.
Peers or Coworkers
Colleagues who have worked alongside you can provide insights into your teamwork and communication skills. They can describe your work style, your reliability as a team member, and your ability to collaborate effectively. A reference from a peer can give a future employer a sense of how you function within a team dynamic. It is beneficial to select a coworker who understands your job responsibilities.
Professional Mentors
A professional mentor can offer a unique perspective on your career trajectory and personal growth. They are able to speak to your coachability, your commitment to professional development, and your long-term ambitions. This type of reference highlights your drive and potential, which is attractive to organizations looking for employees who will grow with the company.
University Professors or Academic Advisors
For recent graduates or individuals with limited professional experience, university professors or academic advisors are good references. These individuals can vouch for your academic achievements, intellectual curiosity, and discipline. They have observed your work ethic and ability to meet deadlines in an academic setting, which are transferable skills. A professor can also speak to your knowledge in a specific field, providing credibility for entry-level positions.
People to Avoid Asking
When compiling your list of references, it is important to know who to exclude. Family members and friends should never be used as professional references. Their opinions are perceived as inherently biased and lack the professional context that hiring managers seek. Including them can suggest to an employer that you do not have sufficient professional contacts.
Avoid asking your current boss for a reference, especially if they are unaware you are looking for a new job. Requesting a reference from your current manager can jeopardize your employment and create an awkward work environment. It is best to wait until you have a firm job offer before informing your employer. If you need a reference from your current workplace, consider asking a trusted senior colleague instead.
It is also wise to avoid listing anyone who may not provide a positive and enthusiastic endorsement. If you have any doubt about what someone might say about you, it is better to leave them off your list. A lukewarm or hesitant reference can be more damaging than no reference at all. All of your references should contribute to a positive and compelling image of you as a candidate.
How to Ask Someone to Be a Reference
Approaching someone to be a reference requires professionalism and courtesy. Always ask for permission before listing someone as a reference. Providing a reference is a favor, so give the person ample notice. Avoid putting them on the spot by letting them know well in advance that you would like to include them.
When you make the request, provide your potential reference with the necessary information to help them prepare. This includes sending them an updated copy of your resume and the job description for the position. This allows them to tailor their comments to the specific role and highlight the most relevant skills and experiences. A brief explanation of why you are a good fit can also help them frame their endorsement.
After they have agreed to be a reference, keep them informed about your job search progress. Let them know when they can expect to be contacted by a potential employer so they are not caught off guard. Once the reference check is complete, send a thank-you note to express your appreciation for their time and support, regardless of the outcome.
What to Do if You Have Limited References
If you are a recent graduate, changing careers, or left a job on less-than-ideal terms, you may have limited professional references. In this situation, you can turn to alternative sources for support. Consider asking for references from volunteer positions, internships, or freelance projects. A supervisor or client from these roles can speak to your work ethic, reliability, and skills.
For those with little formal work experience, a character reference can sometimes be used, though it is different from a professional reference. A character reference is someone who can speak to your personal qualities, such as your integrity and responsibility. This could be a community member, a coach, or a leader from an organization you are involved with. It can provide insight into your personal attributes when other options are not available.
When you have limited references, it is acceptable to be transparent with a potential employer about your situation. You can briefly explain why you may not have a long list of past supervisors to call upon. Many employers are understanding of different circumstances, particularly for entry-level candidates or those making a significant career transition. Be proactive in finding credible individuals who can speak positively about your abilities.